Abolitionists argued that freeing enslaved people in the South would help the Union win the war, as enslaved labor was vital to the Confederate war effort. Lincoln also tried to get the border states to agree to gradual emancipation, including compensation to enslavers, with little success.
When abolitionists criticized him for not coming out with a stronger emancipation policy, Lincoln replied that he valued saving the Union over all else. Abraham Lincoln reading the Emancipation Proclamation before his cabinet. Lincoln had written a draft in late July, and while some of his advisers supported it, others were anxious.
William H. On September 17, , Union troops halted the advance of Confederate forces led by Gen. Robert E. Lee near Sharpsburg, Maryland, in the Battle of Antietam. On January 1, Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation, which included nothing about gradual emancipation, compensation for enslavers or Black emigration and colonization, a policy Lincoln had supported in the past.
Lincoln justified emancipation as a wartime measure, and was careful to apply it only to the Confederate states currently in rebellion. Exempt from the proclamation were the four border slave states and all or parts of three Confederate states controlled by the Union Army.
It also had practical effects: Nations like Britain and France, which had previously considered supporting the Confederacy to expand their power and influence, backed off due to their steadfast opposition to slavery. Black Americans were permitted to serve in the Union Army for the first time, and nearly , would do so by the end of the war.
Finally, the Emancipation Proclamation paved the way for the permanent abolition of slavery in the United States. As Lincoln and his allies in Congress realized emancipation would have no constitutional basis after the war ended, they soon began working to enact a Constitutional amendment abolishing slavery. By the end of January , both houses of Congress had passed the 13th Amendment , and it was ratified that December.
The Emancipation Proclamation, National Archives. Students will perform an oral presentation of their assigned group's perspective to the rest of the class. Students will then use the historical arguments of all four groups to write a page response, comparing and contrasting the effect that the Emancipation Proclamation had on each group. The Immediate Effects of the Emancipation Proclamation. This lesson was created by Nicholas Gagliano. Different Perspectives on the Emancipation Proclamation.
Let us know how you used this plan and be featured on our site! Submit your story here. Immediate Effects of the Emancipation Proclamation. What document or artifact best summarizes the United States and why? Concepts Textual evidence, material artifacts, the built environment, and historic sites are central to understanding United States history.
Competencies Analyze a primary source for accuracy and bias and connect it to a time and place in United States history. Now, therefore I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-in-Chief, of the Army and Navy of the United States in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion, do, on this first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, and in accordance with my purpose so to do publicly proclaimed for the full period of one hundred days, from the day first above mentioned, order and designate as the States and parts of States wherein the people thereof respectively, are this day in rebellion against the United States, the following, to wit:.
Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, except the Parishes of St. Bernard, Plaquemines, Jefferson, St. John, St. Charles, St. Mary, St. Martin, and Orleans, including the City of New Orleans Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia, except the forty-eight counties designated as West Virginia, and also the counties of Berkley, Accomac, Northampton, Elizabeth City, York, Princess Ann, and Norfolk, including the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth , and which excepted parts, are for the present, left precisely as if this proclamation were not issued.
And by virtue of the power, and for the purpose aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States, and parts of States, are, and henceforward shall be free; and that the Executive government of the United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons.
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